指南
过去式和过去分词的区别：用法和例句
每个英语动词都有过去式和过去分词。规则动词的这两种形式看起来一样（worked, worked），但很多不规则动词的两种形式不同（went, gone）。选哪一个，通常只要问一个问题：前面有没有助动词？
过去式单独使用
过去式是动词的第二种形式，用来表示过去某个时间已经完成的动作。它前面不需要其他动词：
- I saw that film last week.
- We went to Rome last summer.
- She wrote three emails before lunch.
一般过去时的疑问句和否定句要用 did，主要动词则变回原形：Did you see it? I didn't go. 绝不能说 Did you saw it?
过去分词需要助动词
过去分词是动词的第三种形式，它从来不能单独作谓语，而是放在 have 或 be 的某种形式后面：
- 现在完成时，用 have 或 has：I have seen that film. She has gone home.
- 过去完成时，用 had：They had already eaten when we arrived.
- 被动语态，用 be 的某种形式：The window was broken. This book is written in simple English.
- 在情态动词加 have 之后：You should have told me.
如果动词前面紧挨着 have、has、had 或 be 的某种形式，几乎都要用过去分词。
相同还是不同？要看是哪个动词
很多不规则动词的这两种形式完全相同，所以不会选错。它们属于 ABB 型：
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 中文释义 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| buy | bought | bought | 买 | A1 |
| feel | felt | felt | 感觉 | A1 |
| find | found | found | 找到、发现 | A1 |
| make | made | made | 做、制造 | A1 |
| tell | told | told | 告诉 | A1 |
另一些动词的两种形式不同，大多数错误都出在这里。它们属于 ABC 型：
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 中文释义 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| be | was 或 were | been | 是、在 | A1 |
| do | did | done | 做 | A1 |
| go | went | gone | 去 | A1 |
| see | saw | seen | 看见 | A1 |
| take | took | taken | 拿、带走 | A1 |
| write | wrote | written | 写 | A1 |
还有少数动词的过去分词和原形一样，属于 ABA 型：
最常见的错误
- I seen him yesterday. 过去分词不能单独使用。应该说 I saw him yesterday 或 I have seen him。
- I have went there before. have 后面要用过去分词：I have gone there；如果是去过并且已经回来，就说 I have been there。
- The cake was ate. 被动语态需要过去分词：The cake was eaten.
- Did you took it? did 后面要用原形：Did you take it?
Got 还是 gotten？
在 App 中，get 有两个过去分词：got 和 gotten。Gotten 在美式英语中很常见，例如 It has gotten colder；而英式英语通常说 It has got colder。两种都正确。
两种形式都要练
要避免混淆，一个可靠的办法是把三种形式一起记，并让每种形式出现在适合它的句子里。本网站的每个 动词页面 都列出三种形式并附有例句，你也可以按照指南 学习不规则动词，从最常用的开始，一步一步来。